
1. PRESENT TENSE
- · Simple present tense Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Rumus
|
Subject + Verb 1 (present form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
always, every, never, normally,
often, sometimes, usually, seldom
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He always works very hard in the
company
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He does not work very hard in the
company.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Does he work very hard in the
company?
Yes, he does. / No, he does not. |
- Present
continuous menyatakan
kejadian yang sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana
di masa depan.
Rumus
|
Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing
(continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
at the moment, just now, now,
right now, Listen!, Look!
|
Kalimat Positif
|
Look! He is talking with his
classmates.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He is not playing computer games
now.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Is he playing computer games at
the moment?
Yes, he is. / No, he is not. |
- ·
Present
perfect menyatakan
kejadian yang sudah terjadi
Rumus
|
Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past
participle form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
already, ever, just, never, not
yet, so far, till now, up to now
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He has already finished his
homework.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He has not been to Australia so
far.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Has he completed the arrangement
for the coming event up to now?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not. |
Present perfect continuous menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai dan masih terus berlanjut
Rumus
|
Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb
-ing (continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
for the past 5 years, how long …?,
the whole week, since xxxx
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He has been working here since
1996.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He has not been speaking for the
last 3 hours.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Has he been playing the computer
game all day?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not. |
2. PAST TENSE
- Simple
past menyatakan
kejadian di masa lampau
Rumus
|
Subject + Verb II (past form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996,
last Thursday, this morning
|
Kalimat Positif
|
Last year, he always worked until
night.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He did not go to school this
morning.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
|
- ·
Past
continuous menyatakan
kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau Biasanya ada dua kejadian di
masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang lain.Kejadian
yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.
Rumus
|
Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing
(continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
when, while, as long as, at this
time yesterday
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He was speaking when I entered in
room.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He was not doing his homework at
this time yesterday.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Was he writing the letter to his
parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not. |
- ·
Past
perfect menyatakan
kejadian yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau lebih menekankan pada fakta
daripada durasi.
Rumus
|
Subject + HAD + Verb III (past
participle form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
before yesterday, till three days
ago, already, until that day
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He had finished his designs before
he went to work yesterday.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He had not been a high school
student until last year.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Had he entered the company before
he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not. |
- Past
perfect continuous menyatakan
kejadian yang sudah selesai dan masih terus berlanjut di masa lampau
Rumus
|
Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing
(continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
for, since, the whole day, all day
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He said that he had been working
here for ten years.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He was told that his teacher had
been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Had he been speaking for the whole
class before I entered?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not. |
.
- Simple
future menyatakan
suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat
juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau
asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be
going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.
Rumus
|
Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” +
Verb (present form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
in a year, next …, tomorrow, next
week, five days later
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He is going to be journalist after
he graduate next year.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He will not play computer games
anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow
with us?
Yes, he will. / No, he will not. |
- Past
future continuous menyatakan
kegiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau, menekankan
pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai
tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus
|
Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” +
Verb-ing (continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
|
Kalimat Positif
|
I made a promise that I would be
doing my homework all day long tomorrow.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
I did not tell anyone that I would
be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole morning.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Did you say that you would be
working hard in the next week? Yes, I did / No, I did not.
|
- Past Future Tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat
yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk
menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.
Rumus
|
Subject + WOULD + Verb (present
form)
Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO +
Verb (Present Form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He said that he would leave in
three days.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He did not promise that he would
buy you a new computer.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Did you tell him when I would
arrive? Yes, I did. / No, I did not.
|
- · Past
future perfect menyatakan
kegiatan yang akan sudah kita lakukan sesudahnya pada masa lampau, Terdapat 3
waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk
pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi
yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan
biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus
|
Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE
+ Verb III (past participle form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He told the students that they
should have finished the homework this morning.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He said that he would not have
made such a mistake if he had taken my advice.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Did you say that you would have
been a doctor in three years?
Yes, I did / No, I did not. |
·
- Past
future perfect continuous menyatakan
kegiatan yang akan sedang kita lakukan di masa lampau, Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan
bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past
future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan
pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.
Rumus
|
Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb
-ing (continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
|
Kalimat Positif
|
I heard that you should have been
teaching here for ten years by this July.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
I did not know that he would have
been working for the past three hours by that time.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Would he have been explaining to
the workers if he had made the information clear?
Yes, he would / No, he would not. |
3. FUTURE TENSE
- Simple
future menyatakan
kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di waktu mendatang. Dapat juga digunakan
untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be
going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.
Rumus
|
Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” +
Verb (present form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
in a year, next …, tomorrow, next
week, five days later
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He is going to be journalist after
he graduate next year.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He will not play computer games
anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow
with us?
Yes, he will. / No, he will not. |
- Future
continuous menyatakan
kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu mendatang, yang pasti akan
terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Rumus
|
Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” +
“BE” + Verb (continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
tomorrow morning, in one year
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He will be delivering the speech
to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He will not be doing the task in
the office this afternoon because he is sick.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Will he be playing football next
morning in the playground?
Yes, he
will./ No, he will not.
|
- Future
perfect menyatakan
kegiatan yang sudah selesai di waktu mendatang
Rumus
|
Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III
(past participle form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
by next Monday, in a week
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He will have finished the task by
next Monday.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He will not have finished the
given task by tomorrow evening.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Will he have finished the task in
a week?
Yes, he will./ No, he
will not.
|
- Future
perfect continuous menyatakan
kegiatan yang sudah selesai di masa mendatang dan masih akan berlanjut.Hampir
sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect
continuous tense merupakan serangkaian aksi yang
terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus
|
Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” +
Verb-ing (continuous form)
|
Kata Sinyal
|
for the last couple of hours, all
day long
|
Kalimat Positif
|
He will have been taking charge of
the team for the next hour.
|
Kalimat Negatif
|
He will not have been doing the
task for the last couple of hours.
|
Kalimat Tanya
|
Will he have been doing the
research all day long? Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
|
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar